1917 Ford Model Tt Truck – Reviving A Century-Old Workhorse

ByRobert Lozano

The 1917 Ford Model TT truck represents a pivotal moment in automotive history, transforming commerce and agriculture with its rugged utility. This article delves into the unique aspects of owning, maintaining, and even restoring one of these iconic vehicles, offering practical guidance for enthusiasts and DIY mechanics. Discover how to keep this vintage workhorse running, understand its mechanics, and appreciate its enduring legacy.

For many, the allure of classic vehicles isn’t just about speed or luxury; it’s about connecting with history, understanding pioneering engineering, and the satisfaction of hands-on restoration. Few vehicles embody this spirit more profoundly than the 1917 Ford Model TT truck. More than just a simple utility vehicle, the Model TT was a foundational machine that literally built America, hauling goods, materials, and dreams across a rapidly industrializing nation.

This guide from EngineNeeds aims to equip you, the modern enthusiast or aspiring restorer, with the knowledge to approach this venerable machine with confidence. We’ll explore everything from its unique mechanical attributes to practical maintenance tips and the rewarding challenges of bringing a piece of automotive history back to life. Get ready to turn wrenches on a true legend.

Understanding the Legacy: What is the 1917 Ford Model TT Truck?

Before diving into the nuts and bolts, it’s crucial to appreciate the context of the 1917 Ford Model TT truck. Introduced in 1917, the Model TT was Ford’s answer to the growing demand for a durable, affordable truck capable of handling heavier loads than its popular Model T passenger car counterpart.

The Birth of a Workhorse

The Model TT wasn’t a completely new design; it leveraged the proven chassis and drivetrain of the Model T but beefed them up considerably. It featured a stronger frame, a worm drive rear axle for increased torque and hauling capacity, and a longer wheelbase. This adaptation allowed businesses, farmers, and municipalities to mechanize tasks previously reliant on horse-drawn wagons.

Henry Ford’s vision of mass production made these trucks accessible, democratizing transport and fundamentally changing logistics. They were simple, robust, and designed for easy repair, making them ideal for a burgeoning nation.

Key Features of the Model TT

While sharing many components with the Model T, the TT had distinct features:

  • Heavy-Duty Frame: A longer, stronger frame could accommodate various body styles.
  • Worm Drive Rear Axle: This crucial difference provided significantly more torque for heavy loads, albeit at slower speeds.
  • Solid Rubber Tires: Early models often came with solid rubber tires, designed for durability under heavy loads rather than comfort.
  • Planetary Transmission: The familiar two-speed planetary transmission, operated by foot pedals, made driving relatively straightforward.
  • Hand Crank Starting: Most Model TTs relied on a hand crank for starting, a practice that required skill and caution.

Distinguishing from the Model T

Visually, the Model TT is noticeably larger and more substantial than the Model T. Its longer wheelbase (125 inches vs. 100 inches for the Model T) and the presence of a truck bed or specialized utility body are immediate giveaways. Mechanically, the worm drive axle is the most significant differentiator, offering increased pulling power over the Model T’s differential.

Essential Maintenance for Your 1917 Ford Model TT Truck

Owning a century-old vehicle like the Model TT requires a specific approach to maintenance. It’s less about high-tech diagnostics and more about traditional mechanical care, regular inspection, and preventative measures. Treat it with respect, and it will continue to run for decades.

Lubrication Points and Schedule

Proper lubrication is paramount for the longevity of any antique vehicle. The Model TT has numerous grease points and oil reservoirs that need attention:

  • Engine Oil: The Model T/TT engine holds approximately 4-5 quarts of non-detergent 30W oil. Check the oil level regularly via the petcocks on the crankcase and change it every 500-1000 miles, or at least once a year.
  • Transmission Bands: The planetary transmission bands require lubrication. The engine oil itself circulates through the transmission, but specific greasing might be needed for external linkages.
  • Rear Axle: The worm drive rear axle is a critical component. It requires a specific, heavy-duty gear oil, often a non-EP (Extreme Pressure) 600W or similar vintage specification. Check the level frequently and top off as needed.
  • Grease Fittings: Look for grease zerks on kingpins, spring perches, steering components, and wheel bearings. Use a good quality chassis grease and apply it until fresh grease purges from the fitting. This should be done every 100-200 miles or before each major outing.

Carburetor and Ignition System Checks

The heart of any internal combustion engine is its fuel and ignition systems. On a Model TT, these are remarkably simple but require periodic tuning.

  • Carburetor: The updraft carburetor is basic. Ensure it’s clean, the float isn’t sticking, and the jets aren’t clogged. A common issue is debris in the fuel system, so clean the sediment bowl regularly. Adjust the mixture screw for optimal running.
  • Ignition System: The Model TT uses a magneto-and-coil-box ignition system, or a battery/coil system. Check the condition of the spark plugs (often modern equivalent Champion W-16 or similar). Ensure the vibrator points in the coil box are clean and correctly adjusted for a strong, consistent spark. Worn timer contacts can also lead to misfires.
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Tire Care and Wooden Wheels

Early Model TTs often featured solid rubber tires, while later ones moved to pneumatic tires. Regardless, tire maintenance is vital.

  • Pneumatic Tires: Maintain correct air pressure. Model TT tires often run at lower pressures than modern tires (around 35-40 PSI, check your specific tire manufacturer’s recommendation). Inspect for cracks, bulges, and proper tread depth.
  • Wooden Wheels: Many Model TTs still run on their original wooden spoke wheels. These require careful inspection. Look for signs of rot, loose spokes, or cracks in the felloes (the outer rim segments). Keep them clean and dry, and consider applying a wood preservative if recommended by experts. Loose spokes can be a serious safety hazard.

Restoration Challenges and Rewards of a Vintage Ford Truck

Restoring a 1917 Ford Model TT truck is a labor of love that tests patience and mechanical aptitude. It’s a journey back in time, requiring research, problem-solving, and often, specialized skills.

Sourcing Authentic Parts

One of the biggest challenges is finding correct parts. While the Model T parts market is robust, Model TT-specific components, especially for the worm drive axle and frame, can be scarcer. However, a dedicated community of Model T/TT enthusiasts and specialized suppliers exist:

  • Reproduction Parts: Many common wear items and body components are reproduced to original specifications.
  • Swap Meets and Online Forums: These are excellent resources for finding NOS (New Old Stock) or good used original parts.
  • Fabrication: For truly rare components, you may need to learn basic fabrication or seek out skilled machinists and woodworkers.

Tackling Bodywork and Wood Rot

Many Model TTs served hard lives, leading to significant wear and tear. Original bodies were often made of wood and sheet metal.

  • Wood Components: Inspect the cab, bed, and structural wood for rot. This often requires careful disassembly, templating, and replacement with new hardwoods like oak.
  • Sheet Metal: Rust is inevitable. Repairing fenders, hood panels, and other sheet metal might involve patching, lead loading, or full panel replacement. Welding skills are often necessary here.

Engine Rebuild: Keeping it Period Correct

Rebuilding the Model TT’s 20-horsepower, 177 cubic inch four-cylinder engine is a straightforward process for experienced mechanics. The design is simple, but precision is key.

  • Babbitt Bearings: The engine uses babbitt bearings, which often require pouring and machining during a rebuild, a specialized skill.
  • Ignition and Fuel Systems: Ensure all components are clean, correctly gapped, and timed. Consider rebuilding the original carburetor or installing a high-quality reproduction.
  • Cooling System: The thermosiphon cooling system relies on natural convection. Ensure the radiator is clean and free of clogs, and all hoses are in good condition. Use distilled water with a rust inhibitor to prevent corrosion.

Driving and Operating the 1917 Ford Model TT Truck

Driving a Model TT is unlike any modern driving experience. It requires a different mindset, an understanding of its unique controls, and a commitment to safety. It’s a slow, deliberate dance with history.

Mastering the Planetary Transmission

The Model T/TT planetary transmission is operated by three foot pedals and a hand lever:

  • Left Pedal (Clutch/Low Gear): Depress fully for low gear, halfway for neutral, release for high gear.
  • Middle Pedal (Reverse): Depress for reverse.
  • Right Pedal (Brake): Depress for mechanical brake on the transmission.
  • Hand Lever: Controls the parking brake and also engages neutral when pulled back, or high gear when pushed forward (after starting).

Practice is essential to smoothly transition between gears and manage speed. Expect a top speed of around 15-20 mph, especially with a load.

Starting Procedures and Hand Cranking Safety

Most Model TTs are started with a hand crank. This procedure demands caution:

  1. Set Controls: Ensure the hand lever is pulled back (neutral/parking brake on), spark lever (left of steering wheel) is retarded (up), and throttle lever (right of steering wheel) is slightly advanced.
  2. Prime the Carburetor: If equipped, use the choke wire or prime the carburetor as needed.
  3. Engage Crank: Insert the hand crank into the front of the engine, ensuring it engages properly.
  4. Crank with Caution: Stand to the left of the crank (driver’s side). Hold the crank handle with your thumb on the same side as your fingers, never wrapping it fully around. Pull the crank upwards, quickly and firmly.
  5. Backfire Risk: A backfire can cause the crank to kick back violently, potentially breaking a thumb or wrist. If the engine doesn’t start after a few pulls, recheck spark and fuel. Never crank with the spark advanced.

Modern Upgrades for Safety and Reliability

While purists might frown, some modern upgrades can significantly enhance safety and driveability, especially if you plan to use your 1917 Ford Model TT truck regularly.

  • Electric Starter: An electric starter conversion is a common and highly recommended upgrade, eliminating the need for hand cranking and its inherent risks.
  • Brake Upgrades: The original transmission brake is adequate for its era, but modern traffic demands more. Some owners install auxiliary disc brakes on the rear wheels for greatly improved stopping power.
  • Turn Signals and Headlights: Adding discreet turn signals and brighter LED headlights (while maintaining a period-correct look) can make the vehicle much safer in modern traffic.
  • Alternator Conversion: Replacing the original magneto with an alternator provides more reliable electrical power for lights and an electric starter.
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Common Issues and Troubleshooting Your Model TT

Even with meticulous maintenance, a vehicle this old will present unique challenges. Knowing common issues and how to diagnose them is part of the Model TT ownership experience.

Diagnosing Engine Troubles

The Model TT engine is simple, but issues can arise:

  • No Start: Check for spark (remove a plug, ground it, and crank to see if it sparks), fuel delivery (check sediment bowl, carburetor for clogs), and compression.
  • Overheating: The thermosiphon system can overheat if the radiator is clogged, the water level is low, or the engine is working too hard. Ensure proper air flow through the radiator fins.
  • Lack of Power: Could be poor compression, incorrect spark timing, a lean or rich fuel mixture, or worn transmission bands.

Addressing Fuel System Quirks

The Model TT’s gravity-fed fuel system is straightforward but prone to issues:

  • Fuel Flow: Ensure the fuel tank valve is open and the line to the carburetor is clear. Sediment in the tank or lines is a frequent culprit.
  • Carburetor Flooding/Sticking: A worn or improperly adjusted float can cause the carburetor to flood, leading to a rich mixture or stalling.
  • Vapor Lock: On very hot days, fuel can vaporize in the fuel line, especially if it runs close to hot engine components. Insulating the fuel line can help.

Maintaining the Unique Braking System

The Model TT’s primary brake acts on the transmission drum. There are also emergency brakes on the rear wheels, operated by the hand lever.

  • Transmission Brake Band: This band can wear out, requiring replacement. Adjustment is critical for effective braking.
  • Emergency Brakes: These are often less effective than the transmission brake but are crucial for parking. Ensure the linkage is free and the bands are adjusted correctly.
  • Seeking Professional Help: If you’re unsure about brake adjustments or find significant wear, consult a professional specializing in vintage Fords. Braking is non-negotiable for safety.

The Enduring Appeal: Why Own a 1917 Ford Model TT Truck Today?

Beyond the grease and the historical significance, owning a Model TT offers a unique and deeply rewarding experience. It’s a tangible link to the past, a conversation starter, and a source of immense pride.

Community and Events

The Model T/TT community is vibrant and welcoming. Owners often participate in tours, parades, and historical demonstrations. These events provide opportunities to:

  • Share Knowledge: Learn from seasoned veterans and share your own experiences.
  • Find Parts: Many events feature swap meets where rare parts can be found.
  • Enjoy the Ride: Experience the joy of driving these unique vehicles with like-minded individuals.

Educational Value

Working on a Model TT is an unparalleled education in early automotive engineering. You’ll learn about:

  • Simple Mechanics: Understand fundamental principles of engines, transmissions, and braking systems without complex electronics.
  • Historical Context: Gain a deeper appreciation for the ingenuity and limitations of early 20th-century technology.

Potential as an Investment

While not a guaranteed get-rich-quick scheme, well-restored Model TTs can appreciate in value, especially those with interesting historical provenance or unique body styles. However, the primary reward of ownership is usually the experience itself, not financial gain.

Frequently Asked Questions About the 1917 Ford Model TT Truck

How much horsepower does a 1917 Model TT have?

The 1917 Ford Model TT truck, like its Model T car counterpart, was powered by a 2.9-liter (177 cubic inch) inline-four engine producing approximately 20 horsepower.

Is it difficult to find parts for a Model TT?

While some Model TT-specific parts (especially for the heavy-duty frame and worm drive axle) can be harder to find than Model T parts, a strong network of specialized suppliers, reproduction manufacturers, and enthusiast communities exists. Many mechanical components are interchangeable with the Model T, making common repairs manageable.

Can a 1917 Model TT be driven on modern roads?

Yes, a 1917 Model TT can be driven on modern roads, but with significant limitations and precautions. Its top speed is around 15-20 mph, and its braking system is not designed for rapid stops. It’s best suited for parades, local shows, and very low-speed, low-traffic environments. Many owners opt for modern safety upgrades like electric starters and auxiliary brakes for increased usability and safety.

What type of fuel does a Model TT use?

Original Model TTs were designed to run on gasoline. Modern ethanol-free gasoline is recommended, as ethanol can damage older fuel system components. Using a fuel stabilizer is also a good practice for vehicles stored for extended periods.

The 1917 Ford Model TT truck is more than just an antique; it’s a testament to innovation, durability, and the pioneering spirit of early motoring. Whether you’re considering a purchase, embarking on a restoration, or simply admiring its history, understanding its unique characteristics is key to appreciating this automotive icon.

Embrace the journey, learn from the past, and enjoy the satisfaction of keeping a piece of history alive. Always prioritize safety, and don’t hesitate to consult with experienced Model TT owners or professional restorers when tackling complex tasks. Happy wrenching!

Robert Lozano
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