All Wheel Drive Ford Cars – The Ultimate Guide To Performance
Ford’s Intelligent All-Wheel Drive systems provide a sophisticated balance of fuel efficiency and maximum traction by monitoring road conditions hundreds of times per second. This guide breaks down the technology behind these systems, identifies the best models for your needs, and provides actionable DIY maintenance steps to keep your drivetrain healthy.
Finding the right balance between a daily commuter and a winter-ready machine often leads drivers to search for all wheel drive ford cars. You might be a DIY mechanic looking to service a used Fusion or a performance enthusiast eyeing a Focus RS. No matter your background, understanding how Ford distributes power to all four wheels is essential for safety and longevity.
In this comprehensive guide, we will explore the nuances of Ford’s AWD technology, from the “filled-for-life” PTU myths to the best tire setups for off-road excursions. We promise to give you the technical depth needed to handle your own repairs while keeping the advice practical and easy to follow. Let’s dive into the world of Ford’s traction-focused engineering and see what makes these vehicles stand out.
Understanding the Technology Behind All Wheel Drive Ford Cars
Ford uses a system often referred to as Intelligent AWD, which differs significantly from traditional 4WD systems found in trucks. Instead of a manual transfer case, these vehicles use an array of sensors to monitor wheel speed, throttle position, and steering angle. The system can preemptively shift torque before wheel slip even occurs.
The heart of the system is the Power Transfer Unit (PTU). This is a small gearbox attached to the transmission that sends power to the rear driveshaft. Unlike a heavy truck transmission, the PTU is compact and designed for the tight engine bays of sedans and crossovers. It allows the car to operate in front-wheel drive most of the time to save fuel.
When the computer detects a need for more grip, it engages an electromagnetic clutch in the Rear Drive Unit (RDU). This happens in milliseconds, often without the driver feeling a thing. This seamless transition is what makes all wheel drive ford cars so popular for families living in the “Snow Belt” or those who enjoy spirited backroad driving.
Intelligent AWD vs. Traditional 4WD
It is important to distinguish between AWD and 4WD. Traditional 4WD is usually “part-time,” meaning you have to engage it manually, and it locks the front and rear axles together. This is great for deep mud but terrible for dry pavement where it can cause driveline bind.
Ford’s AWD is “always on” but “smart.” It decides where the power goes so you don’t have to. This makes it much safer for the average driver who encounters patches of black ice or sudden downpours on the highway. You get the benefits of extra grip without the mechanical stress of a locked 4×4 system.
Top Models: Choosing the Right All Wheel Drive Ford Cars
While Ford has shifted its focus heavily toward SUVs and trucks, their history of AWD sedans and hatchbacks is rich. If you are looking at the used market or the remaining new inventory, several standout models offer exceptional value and performance. Each has its own specific drivetrain quirks that a DIYer should know.
The Ford Fusion is perhaps the most common AWD sedan you will find. Available with the 2.0L EcoBoost or the powerful 2.7L V6 Sport, the Fusion AWD system is robust but requires regular fluid checks. The Fusion Sport, in particular, uses a heavy-duty version of the RDU to handle the massive torque of the twin-turbo engine.
For those who want a larger, more “old-school” feel, the Ford Taurus (especially the SHO trim) is a tank in the snow. It uses a similar PTU setup to the Explorer, making it very capable. However, because of the weight of the Taurus, the AWD components work harder and generate more heat during aggressive driving.
- Ford Focus RS: A performance beast with a specialized GKN twin-clutch RDU capable of torque vectoring.
- Ford EcoSport: A subcompact crossover that offers AWD in a tiny, city-friendly package.
- Ford Fusion Hybrid/Energi: Note that most hybrid versions of Ford sedans are FWD only; always verify the drivetrain before buying.
The Performance Legend: Focus RS AWD
The Focus RS deserves a special mention because its AWD system is unlike any other in the Ford lineup. It can send up to 70% of the power to the rear and then 100% of that power to either side. This allows for “Drift Mode,” which uses the clutch packs to induce oversteer.
If you own an RS, you are dealing with a high-maintenance machine. The RDU fluid and the PTU fluid should be changed much more frequently than on a standard Fusion. Enthusiasts recommend changing these fluids every 15,000 to 20,000 miles if the car sees any track time or heavy “canyon carving.”
Maintenance and Care for All Wheel Drive Ford Cars
The biggest myth in the automotive world is the “lifetime fluid” claim. Many all wheel drive ford cars come with manuals stating the PTU fluid never needs to be changed. However, experienced mechanics will tell you that the PTU sits very close to the exhaust manifold, causing the oil to cook and turn into a thick sludge.
To keep your AWD system alive, you should aim to change the PTU fluid every 30,000 miles. If the fluid breaks down, the gears will wear prematurely, leading to a very expensive replacement. A new PTU can cost upwards of $1,500, while a few quarts of high-quality 75W-140 gear oil cost less than $50.
Don’t forget the Rear Drive Unit (RDU). While it stays cooler than the PTU, it still contains moving gears and clutches that produce wear particles. Changing this fluid is usually easier than the PTU, as the RDU is easily accessible under the rear of the car. Always use the specific Motorcraft fluid recommended for your VIN.
Essential Tools for AWD Maintenance
If you plan to tackle these fluid changes yourself, you will need a few specific tools. Because many Ford PTUs do not have a drain plug (only a fill plug), you will need a fluid extraction pump. This allows you to suck the old oil out through the fill hole before pumping the fresh oil back in.
- Fluid Suction Pump: Essential for removing old gear oil from “sealed” units.
- 8mm/10mm Hex Sockets: Most fill and drain plugs on Ford AWD units use these sizes.
- Jack Stands and Floor Jack: Never work under a car supported only by a jack.
- Torque Wrench: To ensure plugs are tightened to the correct spec (usually around 20-25 lb-ft).
Common Problems and Troubleshooting
One of the most common issues reported by owners of all wheel drive ford cars is a “PTU leak.” This usually manifests as a burnt oil smell coming through the vents or small puddles of thick, black oil on the driveway. This often happens because the internal seals fail due to overheated fluid.
Another symptom of a failing AWD system is a “binding” sensation when making tight turns at low speeds. This can feel like the car is hopping or struggling to move. This often indicates that the RDU clutch packs are staying engaged when they shouldn’t, or the fluid has lost its viscosity and friction modifiers.
If you see a “Service AWD” light on your dashboard, the first step is to check for stored codes using an OBD-II scanner. Often, the problem is a simple wheel speed sensor. If one sensor fails, the computer disables the AWD system entirely to prevent damage, reverting the car to front-wheel drive.
Vibrations and Driveline Shudder
If you feel a vibration under your seat during acceleration, it might not be the tires. The center support bearing on the long driveshaft can wear out over time. This bearing holds the driveshaft in place as it travels from the front PTU to the rear RDU.
Check the rubber surround on the bearing for cracks or tears. If the bearing is loose, the driveshaft will wobble, creating a rhythmic thumping or vibration. In many Ford models, this bearing is not serviceable separately, meaning you may need to replace the entire driveshaft assembly.
Off-Roading and Winter Prep for Ford AWD Platforms
While all wheel drive ford cars aren’t meant for rock crawling in Moab, they are surprisingly capable on forest service roads and in deep snow. The key to unlocking this potential is the right set of tires. All-season tires are “Jack of all trades, master of none,” and they often fail in true winter conditions.
For those who live in mountainous regions, a dedicated set of winter tires (like Bridgestone Blizzaks) transforms an AWD Fusion or Edge into a mountain goat. The AWD system provides the “push,” but the tires provide the “stop” and “turn.” Never rely solely on AWD to get you out of a sticky situation on ice.
If you take your AWD Ford on light trails, be mindful of ground clearance. Most sedans sit low to the ground. A stray rock can easily puncture the plastic oil pan or damage the exposed AWD components under the chassis. Consider installing a metal skid plate if you frequently travel on gravel or rocky paths.
The Importance of Matching Tires
A critical rule for all wheel drive ford cars is that all four tires must have the same tread depth. If you pop one tire and replace it with a brand-new one while the other three are half-worn, the different rolling diameters will confuse the AWD computer. This puts constant stress on the PTU and RDU.
This stress leads to heat buildup and eventual mechanical failure. If the difference in tread depth is more than 2/32nds of an inch, most experts recommend replacing all four tires or having the new tire “shaved” to match the others. It sounds expensive, but it is much cheaper than a new drivetrain.
Step-by-Step Guide: Checking Your PTU Fluid
Since the PTU is the most vulnerable part of the system, knowing how to check it is a vital skill. For this job, you will want the engine to be cool, as the PTU sits right next to the hot exhaust. You will need to raise the vehicle and secure it on jack stands.
Locate the fill plug on the side of the PTU. It is usually a silver or black bolt located about halfway up the unit. Remove the plug carefully. If you see fluid weeping out, the level is correct. If not, insert a clean zip tie or a finger (if it fits) to check the level and color.
- Healthy Fluid: Honey-colored or slightly brown, flows easily.
- Degraded Fluid: Dark black, smells like burnt toast, thick like molasses.
- Contaminated Fluid: Milky or “latte” colored, indicating water intrusion (common after flooding).
If the fluid is black or thick, it is time for a change. Use your suction pump to remove as much as possible. Refill with the specified Full Synthetic Gear Lubricant until the fluid starts to run back out of the fill hole. Reinstall the plug and torque it to the manufacturer’s specification.
Frequently Asked Questions About All Wheel Drive Ford Cars
Does AWD make the car safer in the rain?
Yes, AWD helps with acceleration and stability in the rain by preventing front-wheel spin. However, it does not help you stop any faster. You still have the same four brakes as a FWD car, so you must maintain a safe following distance.
Can I tow with an AWD Ford sedan?
Most all wheel drive ford cars have a very limited towing capacity, usually around 1,000 to 2,000 lbs. Towing puts massive heat stress on the PTU. If you do tow, you should double your maintenance frequency for all drivetrain fluids.
Is Ford’s AWD system “Full-Time”?
Technically, it is an “On-Demand” system. It primarily powers the front wheels and sends power to the rear only when necessary. This is done to maximize fuel economy while still providing the security of four-wheel traction when the weather turns sour.
How long do Ford AWD systems last?
With proper maintenance (fluid changes every 30-50k miles), these systems can easily last 200,000 miles. Without maintenance, many PTUs fail between 80,000 and 120,000 miles due to fluid carbonization and bearing wear.
Final Thoughts on Maximizing Your Ford’s Capability
Owning one of the many all wheel drive ford cars available today is a smart move for anyone who values versatility. Whether you are carving corners in a Focus RS or navigating a blizzard in a Taurus, the Intelligent AWD system is a silent partner that keeps you moving forward. The key to a long relationship with your Ford is simple: ignore the “lifetime fluid” labels and treat your gearboxes with respect.
Regular inspections, matching tire sets, and proactive fluid changes will save you thousands of dollars in the long run. If you are a DIYer, these tasks are well within your reach and provide a great way to get to know your vehicle’s underpinnings. A little bit of preventative maintenance goes a long way in the world of all-wheel drive.
Stay safe on the roads, keep an eye on those fluid levels, and enjoy the confidence that comes with having power at all four corners. Your Ford was built to handle the elements—now you have the knowledge to make sure it does so for years to come!
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