Ford Explorer All Wheel Drive System – Master Its Capabilities

ByRobert Lozano

The Ford Explorer’s All-Wheel Drive (AWD) system offers enhanced traction and stability for various driving conditions, from slippery roads to light off-road trails. This guide dives deep into how the system works, essential maintenance, and practical tips to maximize your Explorer’s performance and ensure its longevity.

The open road, a snowy mountain pass, or a muddy trail – your Ford Explorer is built to tackle it all. But at the heart of its versatility lies a sophisticated piece of engineering: the all-wheel drive system. Understanding how this system works isn’t just for mechanics; it’s for every owner who wants to get the most out of their vehicle.

Whether you’re a daily commuter facing unpredictable weather, a weekend warrior exploring unpaved roads, or a meticulous DIYer, knowing your Explorer’s AWD capabilities and needs is crucial. This article will equip you with the knowledge to maintain, troubleshoot, and confidently utilize your ford explorer all wheel drive system, ensuring safe and reliable adventures for years to come.

We’ll cover everything from its basic operation to advanced maintenance, helping you drive smarter and keep your Explorer in peak condition.

Understanding Your Ford Explorer All Wheel Drive System

The Ford Explorer’s Intelligent AWD system is designed for seamless operation, automatically distributing power to the wheels that need it most. Unlike traditional 4×4 systems that are often part-time and require manual engagement, the Explorer’s AWD is always active, monitoring conditions and reacting instantly.

This proactive approach means you rarely have to think about engaging it; the system does the work behind the scenes. It’s about enhancing stability and traction, providing peace of mind whether you’re on pavement or venturing slightly off the beaten path.

How Ford’s Intelligent AWD System Works

At its core, the Explorer’s AWD system uses an array of sensors to detect wheel slip, steering angle, throttle input, and vehicle speed. This data is fed to the vehicle’s computer, which then decides how much power to send to the front and rear axles.

Typically, in normal driving conditions, the system might send more power to the front wheels for fuel efficiency. However, as soon as slip is detected, or if the system anticipates it (e.g., during hard acceleration or cornering), it can quickly redirect torque to the rear wheels.

This dynamic power distribution ensures optimal grip and control. It’s a sophisticated dance of electronics and mechanical components working in harmony.

Key Components of the AWD System

Several critical parts work together to make your Explorer’s AWD function:

  • Power Transfer Unit (PTU): This unit, often bolted to the transmission, takes power from the transaxle and sends it to the rear driveshaft. It’s essentially the heart of the AWD system.
  • Driveshaft: Connects the PTU to the rear differential.
  • Rear Differential: Distributes power between the left and right rear wheels, allowing them to turn at different speeds during turns.
  • Half-Shafts (Axle Shafts): Connect the differentials to the wheels.
  • Sensors: Wheel speed sensors, steering angle sensors, and throttle position sensors provide crucial data to the control module.
  • Control Module: The “brain” that processes sensor data and commands the system.

Terrain Management System (TMS) Integration

Many Ford Explorers equipped with AWD also feature the Terrain Management System. This system allows the driver to select specific modes, such as Normal, Snow/Sand, Mud/Ruts, and sometimes Eco or Sport.

When you select a mode, the TMS adjusts various vehicle parameters. This includes throttle response, transmission shift points, traction control, stability control, and crucially, how the AWD system distributes power.

For example, in Snow/Sand mode, the system might pre-emptively send more power to the rear wheels and reduce throttle sensitivity to prevent wheel spin. Understanding and utilizing the TMS can significantly enhance your Explorer’s performance in challenging conditions.

Essential Maintenance for Your Ford Explorer All Wheel Drive System

Proper maintenance is paramount for the longevity and performance of your Explorer’s AWD system. Neglecting these items can lead to costly repairs down the line. Regular checks and timely fluid changes are your best defense.

Think of it as preventive medicine for your vehicle; a little effort now saves a lot of trouble later.

Fluid Checks and Changes

The PTU and rear differential contain specialized lubricants that are vital for smooth operation and component protection. These fluids break down over time and with use.

  • Power Transfer Unit (PTU) Fluid: The PTU often operates under high heat and stress. Check your owner’s manual for specific service intervals, but many experts recommend inspecting or changing PTU fluid every 30,000 to 60,000 miles, especially if you tow or drive in demanding conditions. Use the exact fluid specified by Ford.
  • Rear Differential Fluid: Similar to the PTU, the rear differential fluid needs attention. Again, consult your owner’s manual. Changing this fluid helps prevent wear on gears and bearings.

Changing these fluids isn’t overly complex for a seasoned DIYer, but it does require the right tools and knowing the correct fill levels. If unsure, a trusted mechanic can perform this service.

Tire Care and Rotation

Your tires are the only part of your vehicle that touches the road, and they are critical to AWD performance. Mismatched tire sizes or uneven wear can put undue stress on the AWD system.

  • Tire Pressure: Always maintain recommended tire pressures. Uneven pressure can mimic different tire sizes, confusing the AWD system.
  • Regular Rotation: Rotate your tires every 5,000-7,500 miles to ensure even wear across all four wheels. This is crucial for AWD vehicles.
  • Matching Tires: When replacing tires, always replace all four at once with tires of the same brand, model, and size. Even a small difference in circumference can cause the AWD system to work harder, leading to premature wear of the PTU and differential.
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Visual Inspections

Periodically inspect the AWD components for signs of wear or damage:

  • Fluid Leaks: Look for any drips or stains under the vehicle, especially around the PTU, driveshaft, and differentials. Leaks indicate a problem that needs immediate attention.
  • Driveshaft and Axle Boots: Check the rubber boots on your driveshaft and half-shafts. Tears in these boots allow dirt and moisture in, leading to joint failure. If you spot a tear, replace the boot or the entire axle assembly promptly.
  • Unusual Noises: Listen for grinding, clunking, or humming noises, especially during turns or acceleration. These can signal issues with differentials, U-joints, or wheel bearings.

A simple visual check during an oil change can save you from a major repair later. Always prioritize safety and address any concerns promptly.

Driving Tips & Off-Roading with Your Explorer AWD

The ford explorer all wheel drive system enhances your driving experience, but understanding its limitations and best practices is key to safe and enjoyable adventures. It’s a capable system, but it’s not a full-blown off-road beast.

Driving in Inclement Weather

AWD excels in slippery conditions, providing superior traction on wet, snowy, or icy roads. However, it’s not a magic bullet:

  • Don’t Overestimate Traction: While AWD helps you accelerate and maintain grip, it doesn’t improve braking or steering on slick surfaces. Drive cautiously, maintain safe following distances, and reduce speed.
  • Use Snow/Sand Mode: If your Explorer has the Terrain Management System, engage Snow/Sand mode for optimal performance in winter conditions. This adjusts power delivery to minimize wheel slip.
  • Quality Tires Matter: Even the best AWD system is only as good as its tires. Invest in good all-season or dedicated winter tires for maximum safety in snow and ice.

Light Off-Roading and Trail Etiquette

Your Explorer AWD is capable of handling light trails, gravel roads, and some muddy or sandy tracks. It’s perfect for getting to a remote campsite or a fishing spot.

  • Know Your Limits: The Explorer is a crossover SUV, not a rock crawler. Its ground clearance, approach, and departure angles are not designed for extreme off-roading. Avoid large rocks, deep ruts, or steep inclines that could cause damage.
  • Select the Right TMS Mode: For dirt roads or light mud, engage Mud/Ruts mode. For sandy tracks, use Sand mode. These settings optimize the AWD and stability controls for better grip.
  • Air Down Your Tires (Carefully): For softer terrain like sand or deep gravel, slightly airing down your tires (e.g., to 18-20 PSI) can increase your tire’s footprint, improving flotation and traction. Remember to reinflate to proper pressure once back on pavement. Always carry a portable air compressor.
  • Scout Ahead: Before tackling an unknown section, especially if alone, get out and walk the path. Look for hidden obstacles, deep water, or soft spots.
  • Travel with a Buddy: Always go off-roading with at least one other vehicle. If you get stuck, you’ll have help. Carry recovery gear like a tow strap, shackles, and a shovel.
  • Stay on Designated Trails: Protect the environment and respect private property. Stick to marked trails to prevent erosion and damage to sensitive ecosystems.

When in doubt, it’s always safer to turn around than risk getting stuck or damaging your vehicle. Park rangers or experienced local guides can offer invaluable advice on trail conditions.

Common Issues and Troubleshooting Your AWD

Even with excellent maintenance, issues can arise. Knowing how to identify common problems with your Ford Explorer’s AWD can help you diagnose issues early and prevent further damage.

Warning Lights and Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTCs)

If there’s an issue with the AWD system, you’ll likely see a warning light on your dashboard. This could be a specific “AWD Fault” message, or it might be related to other systems like ABS or Traction Control, which are often interconnected.

  • AWD Fault Light: This indicates a problem within the AWD system itself. It could be a sensor failure, an issue with the PTU, or a problem with the control module.
  • ABS/Traction Control Light: Since wheel speed sensors are crucial for both ABS, traction control, and AWD, a fault in one often impacts the others.

If a warning light illuminates, it’s best to have the vehicle scanned with an OBD-II diagnostic tool. This will pull any DTCs (Diagnostic Trouble Codes) that can point you toward the specific problem. A simple code reader can often be borrowed from auto parts stores.

Common Symptoms of AWD Problems

Beyond warning lights, be aware of these symptoms:

  • Unusual Noises:
    • Whining/Humming: Often indicates low fluid levels or worn bearings in the PTU or differential.
    • Clunking/Grinding: Can suggest worn U-joints in the driveshaft, damaged half-shafts, or internal differential issues.
  • Vibrations: Could be caused by a damaged driveshaft, worn U-joints, or out-of-balance tires.
  • Burning Smell: A distinct burning oil smell, especially from the PTU area, can indicate overheating due to low fluid or excessive friction.
  • Loss of Traction: If your Explorer struggles to find grip in conditions where it previously excelled, the AWD system may not be engaging correctly.
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When to Seek Professional Help

While DIY maintenance is encouraged, some AWD issues are best left to licensed professionals:

  • Persistent Warning Lights: If a warning light stays on after basic checks, or if you’re getting complex DTCs.
  • Internal Component Failure: Problems with the PTU or differential often require specialized tools and expertise for repair or replacement.
  • Complex Electrical Issues: Faults with sensors or the control module can be tricky to diagnose and fix without professional diagnostic equipment.

Attempting repairs beyond your skill level can lead to further damage or safety risks. Don’t hesitate to call a trusted mechanic when facing these more intricate problems.

Maximizing Your Explorer’s AWD Performance

Getting the most out of your ford explorer all wheel drive system isn’t just about fixing problems; it’s about optimizing its performance for every journey.

Performance Upgrades (Cautiously)

For most Explorer owners, the stock AWD system is more than adequate. However, if you frequently find yourself pushing its limits, consider:

  • High-Quality Tires: As mentioned, tires are paramount. Upgrading to a more aggressive all-terrain tire (if appropriate for your use) can significantly improve off-road traction. Ensure they are still within factory recommended sizes to avoid stressing the AWD system.
  • Suspension Lifts: A modest lift kit can increase ground clearance, allowing you to navigate rougher terrain without scraping. Be aware that significant lifts can affect handling and component angles, potentially requiring driveshaft modifications. Always choose reputable brands and professional installation.

Any modifications should be carefully considered and researched to ensure they don’t compromise the vehicle’s safety or reliability. Always consult with a professional before making significant changes.

Driving Habits for Longevity

Your driving style directly impacts the lifespan of your AWD system:

  • Smooth Acceleration: Avoid sudden, hard acceleration on slippery surfaces, as this forces the AWD system to work harder to correct wheel slip.
  • Gentle Turns: Taking turns too quickly can put stress on the differentials and other drivetrain components.
  • Avoid Overloading: Stick to your Explorer’s Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR) and towing capacity. Overloading puts excessive strain on the entire drivetrain, including the AWD components.

Frequently Asked Questions About Your Ford Explorer’s AWD

Is the Ford Explorer AWD a true 4×4?

No, the Ford Explorer’s AWD system is not a true 4×4. A true 4×4 system typically offers a low-range transfer case and often locking differentials, designed for extreme off-road conditions. The Explorer’s AWD is an “on-demand” system that automatically distributes power to all four wheels for enhanced traction and stability, making it excellent for slippery roads and light off-road trails.

How often should I change the AWD fluids (PTU and differential)?

Refer to your Ford Explorer’s owner’s manual for the exact recommended service intervals. However, many experts suggest inspecting or changing PTU and rear differential fluids every 30,000 to 60,000 miles, especially if you regularly tow, drive in harsh conditions, or engage in light off-roading. Timely fluid changes are critical for component longevity.

What does an “AWD Fault” message mean?

An “AWD Fault” message on your dashboard indicates that the vehicle’s computer has detected a problem within the all-wheel drive system. This could be due to a faulty sensor, an issue with the Power Transfer Unit (PTU), or a problem with the control module. It’s best to have your vehicle scanned with an OBD-II diagnostic tool to retrieve specific trouble codes and diagnose the underlying issue.

Can I drive my Ford Explorer with mismatched tires if it has AWD?

It is strongly advised against driving your Ford Explorer with mismatched tires (different brands, sizes, or significantly different tread wear) when it has AWD. Even a small difference in tire circumference can cause the AWD system to constantly try to compensate for perceived wheel slip, leading to excessive wear and potential damage to the PTU, differentials, and other drivetrain components. Always replace all four tires at once with identical ones.

Is the Ford Explorer AWD good in snow?

Yes, the Ford Explorer AWD system is very effective in snow and icy conditions. It constantly monitors wheel speed and other factors, automatically sending power to the wheels with the most traction to help prevent slippage and maintain control. When combined with good winter or all-season tires, it provides excellent confidence and capability in winter weather.

Conclusion

Your Ford Explorer’s all-wheel drive system is a marvel of modern automotive engineering, designed to keep you moving confidently regardless of the conditions. By understanding how it works, adhering to regular maintenance schedules, and driving smartly, you can significantly extend its lifespan and maximize its performance.

Remember, whether you’re performing a fluid check in your garage or navigating a muddy track, safety should always be your top priority. Listen to your vehicle, address warning signs promptly, and don’t hesitate to seek professional help when a task exceeds your comfort or skill level.

With proper care, your Ford Explorer will continue to be a reliable companion for all your adventures, keeping you safe and comfortable on every journey. Stay safe and stay comfortable!

Robert Lozano
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